6–7). [345], At the end of 2008, the population of East Jerusalem was 456,300, comprising 60% of Jerusalem's residents. [365][366] Another prominent Christian site in Jerusalem is Golgotha, the site of the crucifixion. [96], Shuafat has an intermittent settlement history, in part from periods other than Jerusalem's, with 7,000-year-old architectural findings from the Chalcolithic,[97] then from the Second Temple period (2nd–1st century BCE, a fortified agricultural settlement)[98][99][100] and the short period between the end of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–70) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135), being re-inhabited on a smaller scale during the 2nd–4th centuries CE. We'll never divide our heart. Numerous religious educational institutions and Yeshivot, including some of the most prestigious yeshivas, among them the Brisk, Chevron, Midrash Shmuel and Mir, are based in the city, with the Mir Yeshiva claiming to be the largest. Most of the meetings of the Jerusalem City Council are private, but each month, it holds a session that is open to the public. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200 – 1000 BC). [342], Demographics and the Jewish-Arab population divide play a major role in the dispute over Jerusalem. [427][428] In 2006, a 38 km (24 mi) Jerusalem Trail was opened, a hiking trail that goes to many cultural sites and national parks in and around Jerusalem. [284] A resolution condemning the US decision was supported by all the 14 other members of the UN Security Council, but was vetoed by the US on 18 December 2017,[285] and a subsequent resolution condemning the US decision was passed in the United Nations General Assembly. Due to its proximity to the city, especially the Temple Mount, Abu Dis, a Palestinian suburb of Jerusalem, has been proposed as the future capital of a Palestinian state by Israel. Today it is both the central library of the university and the national library of Israel. Capital quizzes should be easy, simply a matter of memorization. [416] Al-Quds University resides southeast of the city proper on a 190,000-square-metre (47-acre) Abu Dis campus.[414]. However, for most of the 13th century, Jerusalem declined to the status of a village due to city's fall of strategic value and Ayyubid internecine struggles.[182]. [95] Shuafat is officially described in archaeological terms as being "in the vicinity of Jerusalem". Jerusalem has been the capital since 1967. The world will be freed by our liberty, enriched by our wealth, magnified by our greatness. [173] The Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned the construction of a shrine on the Temple Mount, now known as the Dome of the Rock, in the late 7th century. Reuters. Smith, Mark (2002) "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" (Eerdman's), Rendsberg, Gary (2008). "Jewish virtual library, MYTH "Israel's military strike in 1956 was unprovoked. The State of Palestine (according to the Basic Law of Palestine, Title One: Article 3) regards Jerusalem as its capital. After Artuk's death in 1091 his sons Sökmen and Ilghazi governed in the city up to 1098 when the Fatimids recaptured the city. Israel celebrates Jerusalem Day, the city that is the Eternal Capital of the Jewish State. The longest-serving Jerusalem mayor was Teddy Kollek, who spent 28 years—-six consecutive terms-—in office. May 10, 2021 May 10, 2021 - by Jimmy DeYoung - Leave a Comment. Cheshin, Amir S.; Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed (1999). [note 5] Jerusalem was the site of Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple. Jerusalem is the largest city in Israel and Houses the Parliament and all government inst. [352], Critics of efforts to promote a Jewish majority in Jerusalem say that government planning policies are motivated by demographic considerations and seek to limit Arab construction while promoting Jewish construction. [110], In the Late Bronze Age, Jerusalem was the capital of an Egyptian vassal city-state,[111] a modest settlement governing a few outlying villages and pastoral areas, with a small Egyptian garrison and ruled by appointees such as king Abdi-Heba,[112] At the time of Seti I (r. 1290–1279 BCE) and Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BCE), major construction took place as prosperity increased. Yad Vashem, Israel's national memorial to the victims of the Holocaust, houses the world's largest library of Holocaust-related information. The Capital city of Israel … The Israel Broadcasting Authority's main office is located in Jerusalem, as well as the TV and radio studios for Israel Radio, Channel 2, Channel 10, and part of the radio studios of BBC News. Why Jerusalem is not the capital of Israel International community position. [371][372] The city's lasting place in Islam, however, is primarily due to Muhammad's Night of Ascension (c. CE 620). [330][331] According to a study published in 2000, the percentage of Jews in the city's population had been decreasing; this was attributed to a higher Muslim birth rate, and Jewish residents leaving. [177], In 1099, the Fatimid ruler expelled the native Christian population before Jerusalem was besieged by the soldiers of the First Crusade. Some government buildings are located in Kiryat Menachem Begin. Zionist, modern, Israel is not the nation of truth seekers of the Father. [183][184][185][186][187] The Ayyubids retained control of the Muslim holy places, and Arab sources suggest that Frederick was not permitted to restore Jerusalem's fortifications. However, it has stated that it would be willing to consider alternative solutions, such as making Jerusalem an open city. Farmers in the Jerusalem region thus built stone terraces along the slopes to hold back the soil, a feature still very much in evidence in the Jerusalem landscape. Other institutions of higher learning in Jerusalem are the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance[417] and Bezalel Academy of Art and Design,[418][419] whose buildings are located on the campuses of the Hebrew University. The mountains of Judah belong to him, to the God of Jerusalem". Solomon's Temple (later known as the First Temple), went on to play a pivotal role in Jewish religion as the repository of the Ark of the Covenant. The Jerusalem Post and The Times of Israel are also headquartered in Jerusalem. Its appointed capital, Jerusalem, also has leaders, officials, administrators, politicians, advisors, lawyers, lobbyists, Knesset committees, policy-makers, buildings, offices and even window-washers, fully functioning with regular work hours. [251], From 1949 until 1967, West Jerusalem served as Israel's capital, but was not recognized as such internationally because UN General Assembly Resolution 194 envisaged Jerusalem as an international city. [246][247], The annexation of East Jerusalem was met with international criticism. As the political capital of the state of Israel, Jerusalem is home to the Knesset (parliament) as well as its premier [...] university and many other cultural and educational centers, such as Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum. Beitar plays in the more prestigious Ligat HaAl, while Hapoel is in the second division Liga Leumit. [368][369][370], Jerusalem is the third-holiest city in Sunni Islam. As of 2009[update], out of 150,100 schoolchildren, 59,900 or 40% are in state-run secular and National Religious schools, while 90,200 or 60% are in Haredi schools. After the establishment of the state of Israel, Jerusalem was declared its capital city. But only the Jewish people have been inextricably bound up with the city for 3000 years. [301], Some states, such as Russia[302] and China,[303] recognize the Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital. In 1917 after the Battle of Jerusalem, the British Army, led by General Edmund Allenby, captured the city. [329] At the end of 2005, the population density was 5,750.4/km2 (14,893/sq mi). The companies operate from Jerusalem Central Bus Station. Givah (Givat Binyamin/Givat Shaul) . p. 20. The Palestinian Authority claims Jerusalem, including the Haram al-Sharif, as the capital of the State of Palestine,[268] The PLO claims that West Jerusalem is also subject to permanent status negotiations. Israeli policemen scuffle with a Palestinian man during a protest following U.S. President Donald Trump's announcement that he has recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital, near Damascus Gate in Jerusalem's Old City December 7, 2017. In 1967, Jews accounted for 74 percent of the population, while the figure for 2006 is down nine percent. The former mayor of Jerusalem, Uri Lupolianski, was elected in 2003. Most of the air pollution in Jerusalem comes from vehicular traffic. With Contributions by Mohammad al-Asad, Abeer Audeh, Said Nuseibeh. [15] In 1538, the city walls were rebuilt for a last time around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Unrest is expected after Mr Trump's historic decision The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000 BCE). JD: Today I want to talk about Jerusalem Day. ", "The Baháʼí World Centre: Focal Point for a Global Community", "Kababir and Central Carmel – Multiculturalism on the Carmel", "Ambitious Israeli students look to top institutions abroad", "Bill Gates – Israel is a high tech superpower", "What Are The Secrets Behind Israel's Growing Innovative Edge? On the opposite side of the city, approximately 35 kilometers (22 mi)[314] away, is the Dead Sea, the lowest body of water on Earth. In other languages: official Arabic in Israel: Statistics regarding the demographics of Jerusalem refer to the unified and expanded Israeli municipality, which includes the pre-1967 Israeli and, Much of the information regarding King David's conquest of Jerusalem comes from, Mark Smith in "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" states "Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The rest of the city "... was called Iliya, reflecting the Roman name given the city following the destruction of 70 CE: Aelia Capitolina". Given the city's central position in both Jewish nationalism (Zionism) and Palestinian nationalism, the selectivity required to summarize some 5,000 years of inhabited history is often influenced by ideological bias or background. Former Israeli Prime Minister, Menachem Begin, often said, “Jerusalem is the eternal, undivided capital of the nation of Israel and the Jewish people.” On the other hand, the Palestinian Authority, with the help of some world politicians, wants to divide the city and create a Palestinian State with Abu Dis in eastern Jerusalem as its capital. The elevation of the Old City is approximately 760 m (2,490 ft). [82] Palestinian Arab families who hail from this city are often called "Qudsi" or "Maqdisi", while Palestinian Muslim Jerusalemites may use these terms as a demonym.[83]. [457], The Jerusalem Marathon, established in 2011, is an international marathon race held annually in Jerusalem in the month of March. Most population data before 1905 is based on estimates, often from foreign travellers or organisations, since previous census data usually covered wider areas such as the Jerusalem District. [171] He prayed outside the church, where the Mosque of Umar (Omar) stands to this day, opposite the entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. [20], According to Peace Now, approvals for building in Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem have expanded by 60% since Trump became U.S. president in 2017. Jerusalem as administrative capital of the British Mandate: Whither Jerusalem (Lapidot) page 17: "Israeli control in west Jerusalem since 1948 was illegal and most states have not recognized its sovereignty there", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKellerman1993 (, "UN General Assembly Resolution 181 recommended the creation of an international zonea, or corpus separatum, in Jerusalem to be administered by the UN for a 10-year period, after which there would be referendum to determine its future. [420], Although Jerusalem is known primarily for its religious significance, the city is also home to many artistic and cultural venues. An art gallery featuring the work of artists who perished is also present. The 2000 Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem lists 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques within the city. Jerusalem Or City Of David Is The Capital Of Israel Now And Forever Ever 47 (ST/DPI/SER.A/47)", "PDF copy of Cablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the Secretary-General of the United Nations: S/745: 15 May 1948", "Dr. Sarah Ozacky-Lazar, Relations between Jews and Arabs during Israel's first decade (in Hebrew)", "Two Hundred and Seventh Plenary Meeting", "The Kibbutz & Moshav: History & Overview", "The Jewish Virtual Library, The Sinai-Suez Campaign: Background & Overview", "National insurance institute of Israel, Hostile Action Casualties", "jewish virtual library, Terrorism Against Israel: Number of Fatalities". in 2013, 75% of the 3.5 million tourists to Israel visited Jerusalem. [25] Although not mentioned in the Torah / Pentateuch,[358] it is mentioned in the Bible 632 times. In East Jerusalem, 52% of the land was excluded from development, 35% designated for Jewish settlements, and 13% for Palestinian use, almost all of which was already built on. He built walls, towers and palaces, and expanded the Temple Mount, buttressing the courtyard with blocks of stone weighing up to 100 tons. Its appointed capital, Jerusalem, also has leaders, officials, administrators, politicians, advisors, lawyers, lobbyists, Knesset committees, policy-makers, buildings, offices and even window-washers, fully functioning with regular work hours. Burial remains from the Byzantine period are exclusively Christian, suggesting that the population of Jerusalem in Byzantine times probably consisted only of Christians. This episode has been the subject of much debate between historians. They became known as the Ring Neighborhoods. In July 1980, Israel passed the Jerusalem Law as Basic Law. The Palestinian Authority has built a possible future parliament building for the Palestinian Legislative Council in the town, and its Jerusalem Affairs Offices are all located in Abu Dis. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, West Jerusalem was among the areas captured and later annexed by Israel while East Jerusalem, including the Old City, was captured and later annexed by Jordan. [318] Snowfall is rare, and large snowfalls are even more rare. [196] The volume of Christian pilgrims increased under the Ottomans, doubling the city's population around Easter time. Under Herod, the area of the Temple Mount doubled in size. 6–7). [348] The young and less religious continue to leave according to a 2016 Central Bureau of Statistics report which noted 6,740 people left. [449] In 2008, the Tolerance Monument, an outdoor sculpture by Czesław Dźwigaj, was erected on a hill between Jewish Armon HaNetziv and Arab Jebl Mukaber as a symbol of Jerusalem's quest for peace.[450]. God TV, an international Christian television network is also based in the city. [402], Jerusalem is served by Ben Gurion Airport, some 50 kilometres (30 miles) northwest of the Jerusalem, on the route to Tel Aviv. [364] The Cenacle, believed to be the site of Jesus' Last Supper, is located on Mount Zion in the same building that houses the Tomb of King David. In 1981 it was moved to a new building on Hebron Road near the Valley of Hinnom and the Old City. The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel. The inscription states: "I am Yahweh thy God, I will accept the cities of Judah and I will redeem Jerusalem",[63][64][65] or as other scholars suggest: "Yahweh is the God of the whole earth. Snow flurries usually occur once or twice a winter, although the city experiences heavy snowfall every three to four years, on average, with short-lived accumulation. The municipal complex, comprising two modern buildings and ten renovated historic buildings surrounding a large plaza, opened in 1993 when it moved from the old town hall building built by the Mandate authorities. Consequently, the total fertility rate in Jerusalem (4.02) is higher than in Tel Aviv (1.98) and well above the national average of 2.90. Though Jerusalem's sacred character goes back three millennia...". Arabic previously had been an official language of the State of Israel. [309] The whole of Jerusalem is surrounded by valleys and dry riverbeds (wadis). [228][229] The Western Wall was transformed into an exclusively Muslim holy site associated with al-Buraq. The Terrorism Ahead: Confronting Transnational Violence in the Twenty-First | By Paul J. Smith | M.E. Only 21% of Jewish residents are secular. [citation needed] The percentage of secular Jews, or those who 'wear their faith lightly' is dropping, with some 20,000 leaving the city over the past seven years (2012). Jerusalem has been sacred to the Jews since King David proclaimed it his capital in the 10th century BCE. [234], During the 1948 war, the Jewish residents of Eastern Jerusalem were expelled by Jordan's Arab Legion. [note 5] Modern scholars argue that Jews branched out of the Canaanite peoples and culture through the development of a distinct monolatrous – and later monotheistic – religion centered on El/Yahweh,[22][23][24] These foundational events, straddling the dawn of the 1st millennium BCE, assumed central symbolic importance for the Jewish people. The Rockefeller Museum, located in East Jerusalem, was the first archaeological museum in the Middle East. [424] The 8-hectare (20-acre) museum complex comprises several buildings featuring special exhibits and extensive collections of Judaica, archaeological findings, and Israeli and European art. [421] Schools in Ras el-Amud and Umm Lison opened in 2008. The government, centered in Jerusalem, generates a large number of jobs, and offers subsidies and incentives for new business initiatives and start-ups. The Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra, established in the 1940s,[433] has appeared around the world. By comparison, the percentage of land in Tel Aviv zoned for industry and infrastructure is twice as high, and in Haifa, seven times as high. In December 2017, The President of the United States of America, Present Donald Trump, officially recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and he mentioned that the American embassy in Israel would be moved to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv. [196] In the 1840s and 1850s, the international powers began a tug-of-war in Palestine as they sought to extend their protection over the region's religious minorities, a struggle carried out mainly through consular representatives in Jerusalem. [337][338], While some Israelis avoid Jerusalem for its relative lack of development and religious and political tensions, the city has attracted Palestinians, offering more jobs and opportunity than any city in the West Bank or Gaza Strip. [259][260][261][262] Under the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1947, Jerusalem was envisaged to become a corpus separatum administered by the United Nations. Jerusalem is one of the oldest towns in the entire world and is regarded as a holy city to different religions such as Christianity, Judaism, and Abrahamic. [32] For approximately a year, before it was permanently switched to the Kaaba in Mecca, the qibla (direction of prayer) for Muslims was Jerusalem. [209] Complementing this building code, which is still in force, is the discouragement of heavy industry in Jerusalem; only about 2.2% of Jerusalem's land is zoned for "industry and infrastructure." It is not the officially recognized capital of Israel. [180] Jerusalem enjoyed a prosperous period of renewal and peace under Suleiman the Magnificent—including the rebuilding of magnificent walls around the Old City. The Jerusalem Central Bus Station, located on Jaffa Road, is the busiest bus station in Israel. [253][254] The Oslo Accords stated that the final status of Jerusalem would be determined by negotiations with the Palestinian Authority. Only two countries around the world, Guatemala and El Salvador, have recognized it as such. ", "For three thousand years, Jerusalem has been the center of Jewish hope and longing. Jerusalem is the capital of the Children of Israel, now called the Jews; and it is forbidden for Musims to demand it, just as a married woman belongs only to her husband.